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王阮及其《义丰集》

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发表于 2008-9-2 10:09:59 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 126pt; mso-char-indent-count: 7.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王阮及其《义丰集》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 189pt; mso-char-indent-count: 18.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">宋代的江西人才辈出,俊采星驰。被群星耀眼的光辉所掩盖的还有一些不起眼的小星星,王阮就是其中的一颗。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王阮,字南卿,又名元隆,世称王义丰。德安三万(今山湾)敷里坂人,生于宋高宗绍兴十年(公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1140</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年),卒于宋宁宗嘉定元年(公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1208</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年),主要生活在孝宗、光宗、宁宗三朝,与朱熹、陆游、杨万里、范成大、辛弃疾、张孝祥等文坛巨擘基本上都是同时代人,并多有唱和。孝宗隆兴元年进士。《宋史》有传。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">他出生于官僚世家,祖、父辈都有功于朝。年轻时就好学而有气节,自称为“将种”,“词辩奋发,四座莫能屈”,(《宋史·本传》)因此深得朱熹夫子的赏识。踏上仕途后,做过几任地方小官。先是南康、都昌主簿,后为永州教授,又迁为知濠州和知抚州。以为官清正廉洁而名闻一时。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">南宋与金人对峙,在战与和的问题上,他是主战派。孝宗初即位,欲完成高宗之志,移都建业(今南京),以利北伐,但大臣们习于懦弱偷安,主意不定。他应礼部试,对策时分析时局与地理,慷慨陈词,认为应积极进取,而不应苟且偷安。知贡举范成大读后赞叹不已,称之为“人杰”。知濠州时,十分注重守备工作,操练军事,训练边民,并亲自到边境察访,终其一任,金人不敢南侵。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王阮注重士人的气节,性格耿介,为人正直。权臣韩</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">侂</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">胄想拉拢他,趁他进京言事时派说客到他住地,许以高官,他不为所动,私下对人说:公卿择士,士亦择公卿,我岂肯投到他的门下?言事毕,拂衣出关,不与交往。因此得罪韩而被罢官。从此他归隐庐山,不问世事,从容地喝酒吟诗以终老。朱熹对他的才气术略过人,可沉于下僚,留滞不偶,深表惋惜。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王阮去世后,他的儿子收集其诗文刻印于世,并请其乡人吴愈为之序。其文今已不存,仅存诗集《义丰集》一卷,收于《四库全书·集部》、清·吕留良等辑《宋诗抄初集》、坐春书塾《宋代五十六家诗集》、民国胡思敬辑《豫章丛书》等丛书。据岳珂《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">桯</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">史》可知,《义丰集》本有单行本,校官冯椅为之序,冯序今也已佚去,如今所见的《义丰集》序乃吴愈作的诗文集总序。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《义丰集》存诗</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">207</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">首。其中写景记游、咏物类的占了半数以上,其次为酬唱、投寄类,约有六十余首,还有少量的咏史、偶感之类,也不乏颂圣、粉饰太平之作。总的看来,诗中很少有对当时重大的社会问题的反映,王阮基本上是把诗歌当作吟咏性情、玩弄风雅的工具。即使涉及到民生、时局、社会等重大问题,也缺乏同时代的陆游、杨万里、范成大、张孝祥等人诗词中所表现出来的思想深度而流于浮泛。如《遇流民》:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">行尽江南处处山,无钱归去买山闲。自怜不在施为地,空对流民数汗颜。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">这已经算是比较接触社会现实问题的诗了,但给人的感觉是矫柔而没有真情面对。即使是这样的诗,在《义丰集》中也是凤毛麟角,其它还有《金市大水》、《遇使者议和》等几首。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">王诗的风格,据《四库全书》提要,“刘克庄尝跋其诗,谓:‘高处逼陵阳(韩驹)、茶山(曾几)’。”韩、曾虽都为江西社里人,但他们的诗有一个共同的特点,就是明快、流动、畅达。岳珂《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">桯</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">史》称王阮曾向张孝祥学诗,而张孝祥的诗摹仿苏轼,清旷、平淡、自然。《义丰集》的主要特色也是平易、流畅、自然,同样也以议论入诗。有的诗境象阔大,意境也较美,如《上九江唐舍人》中写九江盗起:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 42.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.07;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不料戈铤起,能令日月幽。云屯满赤县,天意卒鸿沟</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">又如《留别昌国》其四:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">当时底事乞身归,万物何曾与我违。最是临行更肠断,海鸥犹自掠船飞</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《义丰集》中一些抒情写景小诗较为隽永有味,值得反复涵泳,如《同张安国游万杉寺》:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">昭陵龙去奎文在,万岁灵杉守百神。四十二年真雨露,山川草木至今春。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">张孝祥对此诗大为赞赏,并自以为不及;岳珂《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">桯</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">史》也评其为“纾徐有味”。然而遍检《义丰集》,象这类好诗确实为数不多,《</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">桯</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">史》也说其诗“出于蓝者盖鲜”。它没有形成自己显著的特色。因此在中国文学史上终究算不上大家。吴序言其诗“笔力雄放,皆有深意,杜少陵其比也”,似为溢美之辞。然而就九江来说,渊明、山谷以降,恐怕就数义丰了。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(刊于《九江师专报》)</span></p>
发表于 2008-9-3 20:31:09 | 显示全部楼层
<font face="宋体">渊明、山谷以降,恐怕就数义丰了。——不赞成。个人还是觉得散原的诗高一筹。</font>
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 楼主| 发表于 2008-9-3 21:40:34 | 显示全部楼层
<p>可散原的偶只读过一二且忘了</p><p>万杉寺似乎在庐山?山麓哪里?当然现在好像没有</p>
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发表于 2008-9-4 08:33:18 | 显示全部楼层
万杉寺在星子境内,庆云峰下,詹家垄里。华仔去过并做有诗,可问他。
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发表于 2010-8-2 10:45:55 | 显示全部楼层
王安石,江西人不能忘了他。
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发表于 2010-9-3 11:36:21 | 显示全部楼层
万杉寺我去过,在星子迁莺谷一带。是和庐山户外的队伍去的。
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