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秦观词札记

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发表于 2009-12-15 17:28:59 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<span lang="EN-US"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">秦观词札记</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 48pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">望海潮·广陵怀古</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“爵马鱼龙。”秦观词古无注本。予旧得北京中国书店</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1985</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年出版之王辉曾《淮海词笺注》(后称王注),颇详,偶有疏略。王引《文选·芜城赋》:“鱼龙爵马之玩,”及李善注引《西京赋》曰:“海鳞变而成龙。”又曰:“大雀踆踆。”又曰:“爵马同辔。”今按《文选·西京赋》乃“百马同辔”,下云“骋足並驰”,可见当以此为准。李注至精审,亦偶有失检处。此皆杂技,爵(同雀)马各为一种,鱼龙只一种。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 48.85pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.07;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">望海潮·越州怀古</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“蓬莱燕阁三休。”王书仅注蓬莱阁,而遗燕字。亦不注三休,今为之补而加详。燕通宴,言宴于蓬莱阁,贾谊《新书·退让》:“翟王使使至楚,楚王欲夸之,故飨客于章华之台,上者三休而乃至其上。”言台高登上经三次休息方得到达。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">此调凡四首,收拍皆作六五,惟著名之“梅英疏淡”一首为四七。万树《词律》以此为正,盖前后结句法相同。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 48.85pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.07;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">望海潮·别意</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“有分香帕子,合数松儿。”下句不明何意。王本未注。南宋洪(左王右荼,音</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">shu</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)《永遇乐》全用此二句,仍不知何解。洪适《满江红》:“索松儿添半,战酣相吓。”松儿即松子,查松子。《东皋杂录》有句云:“席上抟拳握松子。”原来是一种游戏。将松子握于掌中,让人猜有多少颗,合数即是猜中。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“但恐生时注著,合有分于飞。”合字似赘。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">沁园春·春思</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“念小奁瑶鉴,重匀绛蜡。”过去一望即认绛蜡是红烛,匀字便忽略过去。今日重读方起怀疑,匀是否可解作点燃,熄灭或移动?一查,俱不可。只应解作涂抹。涂抹蜡烛,不通。原来绛蜡并非红烛,而是妇女化妆品,大概比胭脂更有光泽。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 48.85pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.07;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">水龙吟·赠妓娄东玉</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">谢章铤</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《赌棋山庄诗话》卷四:引升庵云:“填词平仄及断句皆定数,而语意所到,时有变换。如秦少游水龙吟前段歇拍句云:‘红成阵,飞鸳瓦。’换头落句云:‘念多情但有,当时皎月,照人依旧。’以词意言,‘当时皎月’作一句,‘照人依旧’作一句。以词调拍眼,‘但有当时’作一拍,‘皎月照’作一拍,‘人依旧’作一拍为是也。”今按前段结尾六字,后段只四字,断句如何能强合。谢说非是。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 48.85pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.07;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">八六子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">此调韵脚疏密悬殊。“怎奈向欢娱渐随流水,素弦声断,翠绡香减,那堪片片飞花弄晚,濛濛残雨笼晴。”怎奈向管五句,读时犹感透不过气,填写时恐亦有此感觉。虽中间又用那堪再提挈一下,终觉勉强。特别是夹在密韵间尤难谐和。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 48pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">风流子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 青门,王注长安城门名,不误。按此代指长安,而长安又可泛指京城,此处指北宋汴京。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 48pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">雨中花</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“见天风吹落满空寒。皇女明星迎笑,何苦自淹尘域。”《彊村丛书》本寒皇作寒白玉。校云:“寒白,原本误合下玉字,作寒皇,从黄蕘圃校。”皇女在本句中费解,从此校则甚明,且合律。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">鼓笛慢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“丁宁问阿,我如今怎向?”阿同啊,语气词;怎向,怎么办?向亦语气助词。向作为语助,总是置于怎(争),奈,怎奈,如何等之后,此宋元间俗语。此外以语气词置句尾,颇为罕见。连用两语气词尤罕。阿,上古作乎,夫,后转为阿,后又加口旁转为啊。乎夫和阿啊遂成文言与白话之别。阿作啊义,现代文学中已不见。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">长相思</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“掩箔披风。”披字何解?查许多字典词典,皆无适合义项。惟于《汉语大词典》有“披风”一词条。解作挡风,仅引秦观此句为例。另一解为斗篷,斗篷正是用以挡风者。以挡释披,或系由此悟得,却亦甚切。但辞书不立义项,恐此为秦观新创,后亦绝少沿袭者。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">满庭芳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《花庵词选》注,记东坡谓少游曰:“不意别后却学柳七作词。”秦答曰:“某虽无识,亦不至是。先生之言,无乃过乎?”坡云:“销魂当此际,非柳词句法乎?”秦惭服。予谓此正潜移默化。秦受柳影响不仅于此。如《鼓笛慢》云:“到如今谁把,雕鞍锁定。”字面亦用柳《定风波》“悔当初,不把雕鞍锁”。《金粟词话》云:“少游怎得花香深处作个蜂儿抱(原词出《迎春乐》),亦近似柳七矣。”文人喜用方言俗语,写大量俚词,大概始于柳永。秦观亦不甚少。《满园花》几句句有方言。有些词还文白杂用。如《促拍满路花》下阕:“轻红腻白。步步熏兰泽。约腕金环重,宜装饰。未知安否,一向无消息。不似寻常忆。忆后教人,片时存济不得。”(存济,宋方言,安稳之意)不过秦观从柳永也受到良好影响。柳永《望海潮》非常著名。秦观《淮海词》第一首就是《望海潮》,试举前几句作比较:柳云:“东南形胜,江吴都会,钱塘自古繁华。烟柳画桥,风帘翠幕,参差十万人家。”秦云:“星分牛斗,疆连淮海,万井提封。花发路香,莺啼人起,珠帘十里东风。“模仿之迹显然。婉约派以秦周为正宗,秦岂能凭空创造?凡有井水处皆能歌柳词,秦观既不承继欧苏,于柳词岂能漠然视之。陈廷焯谓少游远祖温韦,而不言近参柳七,岂亦以柳“词语尘下”遂鄙而讳之?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《词律》引此词,于倒数第二句末人字旁,注曰:叶。词用入声韵,如何叶?当为手民误植。同调方千里词,此处为“那日樽前,只今问有谁呵?”用仄韵,前字不住注叶,方确。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.7pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.31;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">附熊盛元君函</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;">所论甚是,读罢获益孔多。柳七《鹊桥仙》词云:“届征途,携书剑,迢迢匹马东去。惨离怀,嗟少年易分难聚。佳人方恁缱绻,便忍分鸳侣。当媚景,算密意幽欢,尽成轻负。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;">此际寸肠万绪。惨愁颜、断魂无语。和泪眼、片时几番回顾。伤心脉脉谁诉。但黯然凝伫。暮烟寒雨。望秦楼何处。”其换头处“此际寸肠万绪。惨愁颜、断魂无语”,正淮海“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;">销魂当此际”之所由来,故少游闻坡语,不觉“惭服”也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">满庭芳(三)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“几处处”。《历代诗余》作听几处,强村本校曰:“处处,鲍渌飮抄本作处里。”按几依律应读平声,几乎也。原本为是。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">江城子(三)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “玉笙初度颤鸾箆。”箆是比梳子更密之梳头工具,鸾当是其上之花纹。也可做头饰。句形容乐妓吹笙时头微微俯仰之状,甚工。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">迎春乐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;“菖蒲叶叶知多少。惟有个蜂儿妙。”此词上阕四句,三句皆写菖蒲,惟独中插一句写蜂,或即王国维所说之隔也。押妙字亦似不甚妥。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 48pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">减字木兰花</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “黛蛾长敛,任是东风吹不转。”强村本转作展,与敛合,宜从。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">木兰花</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;“压风绣帘香不捲。”绣和香俱修饰帘。此诗词特殊句法。按语法次序应为风压香绣帘不倦,与周邦彦《过秦楼》“惹破画罗轻扇”句法相同,惟首二字尚需倒转看。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">蝶恋花</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“可无时霎闲风雨。”将霎时倒装,读来毕竟不爽。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">满庭芳·味茶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“北苑研膏”,题据《四部丛刊》,四库本作咏茶,强村本,全宋本无题。似以无题为宜。此篇前片咏茶,有云“尊俎风流战胜”,尊俎,偏指尊,句谓茶可醒酒。只此一句涉及酒。后片便专写酒。颇似东坡《卜算子》前片提到孤鸿,后片便专写鸿。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">此词《能改斋漫录》谓黄庭坚作,较为可信。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">点绛唇二首(之二)·桃源</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“挥断柔肠寸。”当即挥断柔肠成寸,省成字。省动词极为少见。一般当云挥柔肠寸断,也较拗口。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">品令二首(之一)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">方言俗语比《满园花》还更多更僻。让后人难懂,不足为训。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 45.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.8;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">南歌子三首(之一)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“天外一鈎残月,带三星。”《赌棋山庄词话》:“昔秦少游赠营妓陶心儿《南歌子》,末云:‘天外一鈎残月带三星。’盖暗藏心字。东坡见之,笑曰:‘此恐被他姬厮赖耳。’”此似字谜,非诗词之法。故坡公只作嘲笑。然此句亦持之有故。《诗·唐风·绸缪》:“三星在天。”笺云:“三星,谓心星也。”或谓泛指几颗星星,即以秦观此句为例,见《汉语大词典》。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《淮海长短句》今所传者皆出明嘉靖张綖重编本,三卷。共七十六首。綖有跋语云:“此在诸公非其至,多出一时之兴。故散落者多。其风怀绮丽者流播人口,独见传录,盖亦泰山毫芒耳。”《全宋词》于张綖本外,增辑数十首,另有存目甚多。其脍炙人口者皆在上中二卷。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">张綖编有《淮海集》四十卷,又后集六卷,长短句三卷俱在后集。而五七言诗十卷,后集又四卷。存世之量,两者悬殊。词名却远比诗名为著。水平高低在质不在量。人俱贪多务得,固未可厚非,出版亦不忍删减,则难免浪费梨枣,有几本能令人读至尾而不倦者?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><p></p></span></p><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><p></p></span>
发表于 2009-12-17 10:59:04 | 显示全部楼层
<p>探讨:</p><p>1、爵马鱼龙。吕延济注《芜城赋》:“鱼龙爵马皆假为饰,以为玩乐。”<span class="diczx1">《后汉书·南匈奴传》:</span>“角抵百戏。” 唐李贤注:“角抵之戏则鱼龙爵马之属,言两两相当,亦角而为抵对。” 前蜀韦庄 <span class="diczx1">《杂感》</span>诗:“鱼龙爵马皆如梦,风月烟花岂有情?” </p><p>2、句尾语气词。易安句:“管是客来唦?”</p>
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 楼主| 发表于 2009-12-24 22:02:50 | 显示全部楼层
<p>欢迎向闲兄提供不同看法。不过我还想再讨论。</p><p>详载角觝百戏,始于东汉张衡《西京赋》。此后也有人提到,都较简略。“海鳞变而成龙。”这说明是一种游戏,不是鱼龙各为一种。“大雀踆踆”,只说雀(即爵),不提马;“百马同辔”,只说马,不提雀(爵)。可见爵马各为一种。原注:“善曰:陆贾《新语》曰:楚平王增驾,百马同行也。”“向曰:于橦作百马,以一辔驰骋。”可证“百马同辔”,正确无误。善注《芜城赋》引此作“爵马同辔”,乃误忆。我曾怀疑爵马何能同辔?今始得释。</p><p></p>
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